Friday, April 26, 2013

HADOOP SINGLE NODE INSTALLATION



    INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR HADOOP IN UBUNTU 12.04 (SINGLE NODE)


Installing Java-7-oracle

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer 





Create a separate user for hadoop

$ sudo addgroup hadoop
$ sudo adduser --ingroup hadoop hduser

Configure SSH

su - hduser
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""

To be sure that SSH installation is went well, you can open a new terminal and try to create ssh session using hduser by the following command:

$ssh localhost

if localhost is not connected reinstalltion of ssh is needed
 
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

Edit Sudoers
pkexec visudo

Add below line to add hduser into sudoers
hduser (ALL)=(ALL) ALL

Ctrl + O to save nano 

and exit from the editor  

Disable IPv6

 
$sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf
This command will open sysctl.conf in text editor, you can copy the following lines at the end of the file:

#disable ipv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

If you faced a problem telling you don't have permissions, just remember to run the previous commands by your root account.
These steps required you to reboot your system, but alternatively, you can run the following command to re-initialize the configurations again.

$sudo sysctl -p
To make sure that IPV6 is disabled, you can run the following command:
$cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6

Configuration of Hadoop
Installing Hadoop

Now we can download Hadoop to begin installation. Go to Apache Downloads and download Hadoop version 1.0.4.(current stable version)

Then you need to extract the tar file and rename the extracted folder to 'hadoop'. Open a new terminal and run the following command:

$ cd /home/hduser
$ sudo tar xzf hadoop-0.20.2.tar.gz
$ sudo mv hadoop-0.20.2 hadoop

Update $HOME/.bashrc
You will need to update the .bachrc for hduser (and for every user you need to administer Hadoop). To open .bachrc file, you will need to open it as root:

$sudo gedit /home/hduser/.bashrc

Then you will add the following configurations at the end of .bachrc file

# Set Hadoop-related environment variables

export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hduser/hadoop

# Set JAVA_HOME (we will also configure JAVA_HOME directly for Hadoop later on)

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle

# Some convenient aliases and functions for running Hadoop-related commands

unalias fs &> /dev/null
alias fs="hadoop fs"
unalias hls &> /dev/null
alias hls="fs -ls"

# If you have LZO compression enabled in your Hadoop cluster and
# compress job outputs with LZOP (not covered in this tutorial):
# Conveniently inspect an LZOP compressed file from the command
# line; run via:
#
# $ lzohead /hdfs/path/to/lzop/compressed/file.lzo
#
# Requires installed 'lzop' command.
#
lzohead () {
    hadoop fs -cat $1 | lzop -dc | head -1000 | less
}

# Add Hadoop bin/ directory to PATH
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin


hadoop-env.sh
We need only to update the JAVA_HOME variable in this file. Simply you will open this file using a text editor using the following command:

$sudo gedit /home/hduser/hadoop/conf/hadoop-env.sh

or

nano /home/hduser/hduser/hadoop/conf/hadoop-env.sh

Then you will need to change the following line

# export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/j2sdk1.5-sun

To 

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle

Note: if you faced "Error: JAVA_HOME is not set" Error while starting the services, then you seems that you forgot toe uncomment the previous line (just remove #).

core-site.xml
First, we need to create a temp directory for Hadoop framework. If you need this environment for testing or a quick prototype (e.g. develop simple hadoop programs for your personal test ...), I suggest to create this folder under /home/hduser/ directory, otherwise, you should create this folder in a shared place under shared folder (like /usr/local ...) but you may face some security issues. But to overcome the exceptions that may caused by security (like java.io.IOException), I have created the tmp folder under hduser space.

To create this folder, type the following command:

$ sudo mkdir  /home/hduser/tmp

Please note that if you want to make another admin user (e.g. hduser2 in hadoop group), you should grant him a read and write permission on this folder using the following commands:


$ sudo chown hduser:hadoop /home/hduser/tmp

$ sudo chmod 755 /home/hduser/tmp
Now, we can open hadoop/conf/core-site.xml to edit the hadoop.tmp.dir entry.
We can open the core-site.xml using text editor:

$sudo gedit /home/hduser/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml

or

nano /home/hduser/hduser/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml

Then add the following configurations between .. xml elements:

  hadoop.tmp.dir
  /home/hduser/tmp
  A base for other temporary directories.

  fs.default.name
  hdfs://localhost:54310
  The name of the default file system.  A URI whose
  scheme and authority determine the FileSystem implementation.  The
  uri's scheme determines the config property (fs.SCHEME.impl) naming
  the FileSystem implementation class.  The uri's authority is used to
  determine the host, port, etc. for a filesystem.

mapred-site.xml
We will open the hadoop/conf/mapred-site.xml using a text editor and add the following configuration values (like core-site.xml)
nano /home/hduser/hduser/hadoop/conf/mapred-site.xml

  mapred.job.tracker
  localhost:54311
  The host and port that the MapReduce job tracker runs
  at.  If "local", then jobs are run in-process as a single map
  and reduce task.
 

hdfs-site.xml
Open hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml using a text editor and add the following configurations:

nano /home/hduser/hduser/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml

  dfs.replication
  1
  Default block replication.
  The actual number of replications can be specified when the file is created.
  The default is used if replication is not specified in create time.
 

Formatting NameNode
~/hduser/hadoop/bin/hadoop namenode -format

You should format the NameNode in your HDFS. You should not do this step when the system is running. It is usually done once at first time of your installation.
Run the following command

$/home/hduser/hadoop/bin/hadoop namenode -format

NameNode Formatting
Starting Hadoop Cluster
You will need to navigate to hadoop/bin directory and run ./start-all.sh script.
cd ~/hduser/hadoop/bin/
./start-all.sh

Starting Hadoop Services using ./start-all.sh

There is a nice tool called jps. You can use it to ensure that all the services are up.

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